Everything about Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov totally explained
» See also Admiral Ushakov (warship)
Fyodor Fyodorovich Ushakov (February 24,
1744–
October 2,
1817) was the most illustrious
Russian naval commander and admiral of the
18th century.
He was born in the village of Burnakovo in the
Yaroslavl gubernia, to a modest family of the minor nobility. On
February 15,
1761, he signed up for the
Russian Navy in
Saint Petersburg. After
training, he served on a
galley in the
Baltic Fleet. In
1768 he was transferred to the Don Flotilla (
Azov Sea Navy) in
Taganrog and served in the
Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. He commanded
Catherine II's own
yacht, and later defended Russian trade ships in the
Mediterranean from the British pirate attacks.
After
Crimea was annexed by the Russian Empire, Ushakov personally supervised the construction of a naval base in
Sevastopol and the building of docks in
Kherson. During the
Second Russo-Turkish War he brilliantly defeated the Turks at
Fidonisi,
Kerch Strait,
Tendra, and
Cape Kalakria. In these battles, he demonstrated the excellence of his innovative,
Suvorov-influenced doctrines on art of naval fighting.
In 1799, Ushakov was promoted to full
admiral and sent to the Mediterranean to support Suvorov's Italian campaign. During this expedition, Ushakov single-handedly carved out the Greek
Republic of Seven Islands. He cleared the French from
Corfu and all the
Ionian islands. His squadron then blocked the French bases in
Italy, notably
Genoa and
Ancona, and successfully assaulted
Naples and
Rome.
Emperor Paul, in his capacity of the Grand Master of the
Order of St John, ordered Ushakov to proceed to
Malta, which had been besieged by the British to no effect.
Admiral Nelson couldn't bear the idea that he'd have to follow Ushakov's orders (the Russian commander being his senior in the naval ranks) and suggested that the Russian squadron should be dispatched to
Egypt instead.
Brewing conflict between the commanders was prevented by Ushakov's being recalled to Russia in 1800, where the new Emperor,
Alexander I, failed to appreciate his victories. Ushakov resigned command in
1807 and withdrew into the
Sanaksar Abbey in modern-day
Mordovia. He was asked to command the local militia during the
Patriotic War of 1812 but declined.
On
March 3,
1944 the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the
Order of Ushakov which, among several other decorations, was preserved in Russia upon the dissolution of the USSR, thus remaining to be one of the highest military awards in the
Russian Federation. In addition to the Order of Ushakov, there have been the
Ushakov Medal and several
warships named after Admiral Ushakov. The
Baltic Navy Institute in
Kaliningrad also carries his name. A
minor planet 3010 Ushakov discovered by
Soviet astronomer
Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh in 1978 is named after him.
The
Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as a patron saint of the Russian Navy in
2000. His relics are preserved in Sanaksar. He was also declared the
patron saint of Russian nuclear-armed strategic bombers in
2005 by
Patriarch Alexius II.
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